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What are the differences between 304, 304H, and 304L stainless steels?

What are the differences between 304, 304H, and 304L stainless steels?

2024-11-19

Actually, 304 stainless steel has the same chromium and nickel content, with 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% (Ni) in its composition, but the main difference lies in the different carbon content.

 

Table of Chemical Composition (%) for 304, 304L, and 304H Stainless Steels

Type C Mn P S Si Cr Ni N
304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50 0.10
304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50 0.10
304H 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50  
Note: Those without specified ranges are less than or equal to.

 

304L is an ultra-low carbon stainless steel with a carbon content below 0.03%. This reduction in carbon content to prevent intergranular corrosion and theoretically offers better resistance to stress corrosion compared to 304, although this is not significantly evident in practical applications. The of reducing carbon and adding titanium is the same, but the production cost of 321, which contains titanium, is higher, and it is also more.

 

In 304H, the "H" stands for high temperature, and the higher carbon content ensures high-temperature strength. GB150 stip that austenitic steel used above 525 degrees Celsius should have a carbon content of no less than 0.04%. Carbides are strengthening, especially enhancing high-temperature strength compared to pure austenite.

 

Among the three, 304H has the highest carbon content, 30L has the lowest, and 304 stainless steel has a carbon content between the two. The higher the carbon content, the poorer the corrosion resistance and easier it is to rust. The difference in carbon content also leads to price differences. As the saying goes, different uses require different standards.

 

Mechanical properties table of 304, 304L, and 304H stainless steels

Type Tensile Strength Yield Strength 50mm Elongation Hardness Cold bending
Brinell Rockwell
304 ≥515 ≥205 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
304L ≥485 ≥170 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
304H ≥515 ≥205 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
Note: The yield strength is 0.2% proof yield strength
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Created with Pixso. Home Created with Pixso. Blog Created with Pixso.

What are the differences between 304, 304H, and 304L stainless steels?

What are the differences between 304, 304H, and 304L stainless steels?

2024-11-19

Actually, 304 stainless steel has the same chromium and nickel content, with 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% (Ni) in its composition, but the main difference lies in the different carbon content.

 

Table of Chemical Composition (%) for 304, 304L, and 304H Stainless Steels

Type C Mn P S Si Cr Ni N
304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50 0.10
304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50 0.10
304H 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.00-20.00 8.00-10.50  
Note: Those without specified ranges are less than or equal to.

 

304L is an ultra-low carbon stainless steel with a carbon content below 0.03%. This reduction in carbon content to prevent intergranular corrosion and theoretically offers better resistance to stress corrosion compared to 304, although this is not significantly evident in practical applications. The of reducing carbon and adding titanium is the same, but the production cost of 321, which contains titanium, is higher, and it is also more.

 

In 304H, the "H" stands for high temperature, and the higher carbon content ensures high-temperature strength. GB150 stip that austenitic steel used above 525 degrees Celsius should have a carbon content of no less than 0.04%. Carbides are strengthening, especially enhancing high-temperature strength compared to pure austenite.

 

Among the three, 304H has the highest carbon content, 30L has the lowest, and 304 stainless steel has a carbon content between the two. The higher the carbon content, the poorer the corrosion resistance and easier it is to rust. The difference in carbon content also leads to price differences. As the saying goes, different uses require different standards.

 

Mechanical properties table of 304, 304L, and 304H stainless steels

Type Tensile Strength Yield Strength 50mm Elongation Hardness Cold bending
Brinell Rockwell
304 ≥515 ≥205 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
304L ≥485 ≥170 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
304H ≥515 ≥205 ≥40 ≥202 ≥92 No requirements
Note: The yield strength is 0.2% proof yield strength